Hola!
Great question, this will be answered on a future lesson called “the default take”, it’s for all examples like: take your temperature, take a break, take a class, or take your time…. I don’t want to spoil the surprise because it is coming in a full explanation (but not for a few lessons) lesson 40

Hola!
Totally correct and I am glad that you know that rule because it is one that people constantly break, two things are happening in that sentence: one is being lazy, the same as in English and missing out the words “that is” . Even in proper English it should be :the dog that is drinking Water is mine. El perro que esta bebiendo agua es mio. But due to laziness, it is left out, but there is also a clause where you can use an in without an an “estar” which will be explained in future spoken lessons, and it is when the action is taking place at the exact moment that you are talking about. That clause would also work in the above sentence because the dog is drinking water at that exact moment, this will be explained clearer in future Lessons, even though it comes up quite commonly in the comments.

Hola! Thank you for the positive feedback, I have better stuff yet! Wait until you have done a few of the self assessment tests, they help you find out what parts you thought you knew, but you didn’t….

Oh! Sorry, I thought you were in Spain, yes it must be a South American word that we don’t have here in Spain…

Hola! Glad you found them helpful, I have never heard of jalar I’m afraid, are you sure you are spelling it correctly? but my answer would be no…tirar only as I have never ever seen jalar